|
WML
Elements
This
section lists all of the WML elements in alphabetical
order, along with all their attributes (where relevant),
a description of the function of each, and details of
support for each element on four types of browser- Microsoft’s
Mobile Explorer, Phone.com (UP.Browser), Nokia and Ericsson.
The support of each element/attribute for each browser
type will be represented by a 4-letter code in brackets
after it’s description:
The
first letter denotes support by Microsoft
Mobile Explorer, and will be ‘M’ if it is
properly supported, and ‘M’ if it is not.
The second letter denotes support by
Up.Simulator, and will be ‘U’ if it is properly
supported, and ‘u’ if not.
The third letter denotes support by
Nokia (6110,6150and 7110), and will be ‘N’
if properly supported, ‘n’ if not.
The fourth letter denotes supported
by Ericsson (our testing performed on the R380 simulator),
and will be ‘E’ if properly supported, ‘e’
if not.
So, for example, an attribute supported by Up.Simulator
and Ericssion, but not by Nokia or Microsoft would have
(mUnE) after its description.
The last section of this appendix details with some
specialized elements that are specific to the Up. Browser,
and so consequently won’t be recognized by other
microbrowsers. It is strongly recommended that you bear
this in mind when considering the interoperability issues
of your WML decks!
Universal
Attributs
Ine
more thing before we plung into the list-there are three
attributes that can be applied to nearly every single
element in this list, we will details them here:
Xml:lang
Specifies the natural language for the elements and
its contents.(MUNE)
Id
Specifies the name of the element. (MUNE)
class
Specifies the class name for the elment. (muNe)
So, unless specified otherwise in the individual element
descriptions, these attributes can be applied to any
element.
<a>
Specifies
a link to another card. (MUNE)
Attributes
href
Specifies the destination URI- the name of the card
to display.(MUNE)
title
Specifies a brief text string identifying the link.
(mUNE)
<access>
Allows
the writer of the card to limit access to the document
to only certain other cards, by location-domain and
path. It is contained within <head> tags. (MUNE)
Attributes
Domain
sets a domain that can access the card.(MUNE)
Path
sets a path that can access the card.(MUNE)
<anchor>
Specifies
an anchor.(MUNE)
Attributes
Title
Specifies a brief text string identifying the link.(MUNE)
<b>
Specifies
bold text.(MUNE)
Note
The Ericsson seems to display all text formatting (all
of the tags listed in this appendix) as bold, except
big. Text formatting doesn’t appear to work inside
a link.
<big>
specifies large font text. (MUNE)
<br/>
tells the browser to add a line break to the text at
the point the element is written. (MUNE)
<card>
specifies a single interaction between the user and
the device.(mUNE)
attributes
title Specifies a label for the card.(MuNE)
newcontext
Default is false, but if set to true, the current browser
context is
re-initialized upon entry to this card and clears the
navigational
history state, and tesets the implementation-specific
state to a
default value (which may vary with browser). New context
is only
performed as part of the go task.(MUNE)
ordered
this attribute gives an indication to the user agent
about how the card
content is organized. This indication can be used to
organize the content
presentation or to otherwise influence the layout of
the card.
If ordered = “true”, the card is naturally
organized as a linear sequence
of field elements, for example, a set or questions or
fields, which are
naturally handled by the user, in the order in which
they are specified in
the group.
<do>
specifies
a general mechanism for the user to act upon the current
card. The action to do, when activating a do element
can be specified by the elements go, prev, noop or refresh.
See relevant sections.(MUNE)
Attributes
Type Specifies a hint to the microbrowser about the
author’s intended use of the element. The table
below shows the predefined do-types. (MUNE)
Do-type
Description
Accept
Positive Acknowledgement.
Prev
Backward history navigation.
Help
Request for help.
Reset
Clearing or resetting state.
Options
Request for options or additional operations.
Delete
Delete item or choice.
Unknown
Generic type.
“”(empty
string) Equivalent to unknown.
x-*,X-*
Experimental type.
Vnd.*,
VND.* Vendor or user agent specific type of the kind
vnd.co
-type where co is a company name and type is the do-
-type.
Label
Specifies a text string suitable for dynamically labeling
a
user interface component. (MUNE)
optional
If this attribute value is true , the microbrowser can
ignore the element, otherwise it is set to “false”
(the
default), and it is not allowed to.(MUNE)
name
Specifies a name for the element. If a card level and
a
deck level element will override the deck level
element.(MUNE)
<em>
Specifies emphasized text, in a very similar fashion
to the effect of the <b> tag.(MuNE)
<fieldset>
When <fieldset> brackets are put around sections
of paragraph content, it is supposed to tell the browser
to separate them out into “subpanes”, to
give the card a better look, and lay the information
out in a more logical way. At the moment, browsers do
not support it very well. They either completely ignore
the element, or don’t display the text inside
the tags. (mune)
<go>
( Specifies a task that navigates to a URI. Xml:lang
is not an associated attributed. (MUNE)
Attributes
Href
specifies the destination URI – the name of the
card to display. (MUNE)
Sendreferer
Defaults to false. If set to true, the user agent needs
to specify the URI of the deck containing this task
in the server-bound request. (mUNE)
Method
specifies the HTTP request method, either get or post
(MUNE)
Accept-charset
must be followed by a list of character encodings for
data thet the origin server must accept when processing
input. (mUNE)
<head>
This
element specifes an optional header for the wml document.
It is used to contain<Access> and <meta>
information that relates to whole document. (MUNE)
<i>
Specifies
italicized text. (MuNE)
<img/>
Specifies a picture to be inserted. (MUNE)
Attributes
Some
of you may find that the behaviour of some of these
attributes (paying particular attention to height and
width) may differ on the emulators as compared to the
real phones. For example, it was ound that the height
and width attributes crashed on the nokia 7110 toolkit,
but worked on the actual phone.
Src
Specifies the URI for the image to display. If the localsrc
attribute (see
below) specifies a valid icon, this attribute is ignored.
(MUNE)
Alt
Specifies the alternative text to display if the device
does not support
images or neither the localsrc attribute or src attribute
name a valid image.
(MUNE)
localsrc
Specifies a predefined icon. If this attribute specifies
a valid icon, the src
attribute and one of three values, “top”
“middle” or “bottom”. (mUnE)
align
Specifies how the image is aligned relative to the below
the image.
(muNE)
vspace
Specifies the white space to allocate above and below
the image. (muNE)
hspace
Specifies the white space to allocate to the left and
right of the image. The
Up.Browser will only allow the amount specified in pixels.
(mUNE)
height
Specifies the suggested height for the image. (MuNE)
width
Specifies the suggested width for the image,(MuNE)
<input/>
specifies a point that the user is prompted to enter
text.(MUNE)
attributes
name The user will be prompted a name, which is then
stored as a variable
specified in the attribute. E.g. name=”var1”
will cause entered text to be
stored as variable var1. (MUNE)
value
Allows you to set a default value for the entry, which
the user can then
simply ok if they do not wish to change it. (MUNE)
type
Sets the type of text entry. The default is text, which
will allow normal
text entry. The other option is password. When this
is chosen, text
entered will be replaced by asterisks out – a
simple security option.
(MUNE)
title
Suggests a title for the text entry screen, displayed
when entering
text.(mUNE)
maxlength
Sets a maximum length for entered strings. (MUNE)
format
Sets a format that the entered text is forced to stick
to,
e.g. format=“AA\-NNNN” states that the entered
text has got to be “two
uppercase letters, followed by a dash, followed by four
numbers”. See
chapter XXX for more details on the code system. (MUNE)
emptyok
Simply states that it is ok for the user to not enter
anything. (MUNE)
tabindex
Allows you to set the mode of movement between input
boxes, so that
the user could ‘tab’ between them, using
specialized control keys.
(MUNE).
Size
Specifies the width, in characters, of the input area.
(MUNE)
<meta/>
General,
normally browser specific meta data of any, data that
describes the content of the document, and is both user
and machine readable. It is contained within <head>
tags. If the browser doesn’t understand this data,
it simply ignores it. (mune)
Attribute
Content Sets the content type value. (mune)
Name gives the meta data a name. The user agent will
ignore named meta
Data, and Network servers will not emit WML content
named with
this attribute. (mune)
http-equiv
Can be used in place of name, indicates that the data
should be
interpretered as an HTTP header. Meta data named with
this attribute
is converted to a WSP or HTTP response header if the
content is
tokenized before arrival at the user agent. (mune)
forua
Controls whether the meta data was intended to reach
the user agent.
If true, it must do. If false, then it must be removed
at an intermediate
stage. (mune)
scheme
Specifies a form or structure that may be used to interpreted
the data
value. (mune)
<noop>
Specifies that nothing should be done. (mune)
<onevent>
Declares that, when the event detailed by the attribute
occurs, the action(s) contained within the tags will
be taken. (MUNE)
Attribute
type Sets which type of event the code is waiting for
to occur. The types are:-
“onenterbackward”
– This waits for the user to go to the card backwards
(e.g. navigating backwards through the history stack),
then executes the
action. (MUNE) “onenterbackward” –
This wait for th euser to navigate
to the card forwards (in anyway except through the history
stack), then
executes the action.(MUNE)
<OPTION>
A set of <option> tags is needed to specify each
individual item in a list (see <select>). (MUNE)
Attribute
value Gives the option a shorthand value, e.g. an intial
for a name. This value
can be given to a variable, or be used to set it’s
option as the default
choice, using the <select> attributes name and
value respectively. (MuNE)
index Gives the option an index number for it to be
reffered to. The number can
be used to specify it’s option as the default
choice in the list using the
<select>
attribute ivalue, or it’s value can be given to
a variable specified
by <select> attribute iname. (MuNE)
title a name can be given to each option in the list
for the browser to display.
However, it dosen’t seem to work on most browsers
and is rather
pointless anyway. (mUNE)
onpick Related to some of the <onevent> attributes,
this attribut allows you
specify the id of a card to navigate to when you pick
an option in a list.
(MUNE)
<optgoup>
Sets of <optgroup> brackets can be put around
<options> in a <select> list. The effect
of this is breaking the list up into options in submenus.
(mUNE)
Attribute
title Gives a title to each submenu, which is also the
option that will represent
that submenu in the main menu. (mUNE)
<P>
Specifies a paragraph of text with alignment and line
wrapping properties. The
up.browser never resets the alignment. (MUNE)
Attribute
align The three available values, “left”,
“center”, and “right” specify
line
alignment. If you do not specify the align attribute,
the line is reset to
“left”
alignment. (MUNE)
mode Has two possible values, “wrap” and
“nowrap”, used to specify the line-
wraping mode. If you do not specify the mode value,
the device uses the
last specified mode value. (MUNe)
<postfield>
Allows variables to other pages and scripts. (MUNE)
Attribute
name Give the value a name. (MUNE)
value Specifies which variable is to be posted by this
particular element.
(MUNE)
<prew/>
Specifies navigation to the previous URI in the history.
Xml:lang is not an associated
attribute. (MUNE)
<refresh/>
Specifies a refresh task, stating a need for an update
of the user agent context as
specified by the contained <setvar> elements (see
relevant section). User-visible side
effects of the update can occur during the processing
of the <refresh>.(MUNE)
<select>
Allows the definition of a list, embedded in a card,
to allow the user to choose inputs
from a list rather than having to type something in.
(MUNE)
Attribute
name Sets variable name that will be assigned a value
equal to the specified
value of the <option> that gets selected (see
<option>). (MUNE)
iname Sets an index variable name that will be assigned
the index value of the
<option>
that gets selected.(MUNE)
value Allows a default selection to be specified by
using the option’s
value.(MUNE)
ivalue Allows a default selection to be specified by
using the option’s
index number.(MUNE)
title Allows you to give the list a title for the browser
to display.
(mUNE)
multiple Has two values, true and false. The default
is false, but if false
but if you specify true, the user will be able to select
multiple
entries from the list.(MUNE)
tabindex Allows you to set the mode of movement between
selection
boxes, so that user can ‘tab’ between them,
using specialized
control keys. (MUNE)
<setvar>
Sets a variable. Can only be included inside <refresh>
and <go> tags. (MUNE)
Attribute
name The value used will be the name given to the variable
set. (MUNE)
value The value used will be the value given to the
variable set. (MUNE)
<small>
Specifies text using a small font.(MuNE)
<strong>
Specifies strongly emphasized text. (MuNE)
<table>
Specifies a table.(MUNE)
Attributes
title Specifies a brief text string that may be used
in the presentation of the
table.(muNE)
align Specifies the layout of text and images within
the columns of the
table. The available settings are “left”,
“center” and “right”. (“L”,
“C”
and “R” will also work.) The default is
“left”, or “l”. In the Nokia
Toolkit, excluding the 7110, this attribute seems to
be obeyed, except
that it takes L, C and R as values only.(MUNE)
columns Specifies the exact number of columns in the
table.(MUNE)
<td>
Used to define individual cell contents in each row
of a defined table.(MUNE)
<timer/>
sets a timer that starts counting. Not much use on its
own, but combine it with
<onevent
type=”ontimer”>, to immediately see a
useful application. (MUNE)
Attributes
value Sets the length of time to count, in tenths of
seconds. (MUNE)
<tr>
Defines each row in an already defined table. (MUNE)
<u>
Specifies underlined text. (MUNE)
<wml>
Specifies a WML deck. (MUNE)
Up.Browser
specific elements
If you want to use these elements, you must change the
DOCTYPE header to the
following line:
<!DOCTYPE
wm1 PUBLIC “-//PHONE.COM//DTD WML 1.1//EN”
“http://www.phone.com/dtd/wm111.dtd”>
<catch>
Specifies an exception handler.
Attribute
name Specifies which exception is to be handled in this
particular instance. If
no name is specified, then any exception will be handled
by this
<catch>.
Onthrow Tells the engine what to do if and when the
exception occurs.
<exit>
Declares an exit task-the current context is then stopped.
<link/>
Carries out a very similar task to that of <a>;
it declares a link to appear on the display
Attribute
href Specifes the URI for the link to navigate to.
sendreferer Defaults to false. If set to true, the user
agent needs to specify the
URI of the deck containing this task in the server-bound
request.
Rel Specifies what relationships exist between the deck
containing the
link, and the card to be navigated to.
<receive/>
Receives data sent from another context.
Attribute
name Specifies the name of the variable to be received.
<reset/>
Clears all of the variables declared in the current
context.
<send/>
Specifies a single variable to be sent to the relevant
parameter block position.
Attribute
value Specifies which value to send.
<spawn>
Declares a spawn task-creates a child context, and spawns
a URI.
Attribute
href Specifies the URI to be navigated to.
sendreferer Defaults to false. If set to true, user
agent needs to specify to URI of
the deck containing this task in the server-bound request.
accept-charset Must be followed by a list of character
codes for data that the
origin server must accept when processing input.
method Specifies the HTTP request method, either get
or post.
onexit Specifies the URI to navigate to, upon completion
of the child
context, through the performing of an exit action.
onthrow Specifies to URI the navigate to, upon termination
of the child
context, through the performing of a <throw> action.
<throw>
Declares a throw task-that an exception should be raised
at the current context.
Attribute
name Specifies the name of the correct exception to
be raised.
WML
SCRIPT
|
