SAD TMA question answers

Q.1 There are frequently severe political repercussions when system analysis begins. For example, workers may feel that job security is threatened by a new automated system. What causes such problems? Can the analysis task be conducted so that politics is minimized?

Answer:

The first consideration is that whether new system involves any harmful effect on workers. Usually it happens, workers feel insecure by it.

a) Some people may find that the difficulty to learn and use the machine as being restrictive and intolerable.
b) Some workers may resist changes in the nature of the job and increment in the responsibilities of individual.
c) Some resist to the additional training and skill. This in turn affects work procedures and the structure of career and reward systems. There may be threat regarding changes in power, influence and status of personnel depending on the level of access to information.

In an automated system, work may appear to become depersonalized, fragmented and restrictive. Workers may miss the personnel contact with their work and its associated challenges. The boring and repetitive nature of an automated system thus, may cause stress, strain and resentment.

To reduce this insecurity is first of all tasks during an analysis

a) An analyst can use some skills to reduce their harassment.
b) He should make them sure about their job by telling them that an automated system would make their tasks simple only.
c) Tell them that when they are going to be trained they can do their tasks efficiently.

Q.2 Write a three to five page paper that presents guidelines for selecting data structures based on the nature of the problem. Begin by delineating the classical data structures encountered in the software work and then describes criteria for selecting from these for particular type of problem.

Answer:

Selecting data needed
The input needed for any program is determined by the output desired. The analyst must ask the following questions.

a) What information is already in the master file or database?
b) What constant data is required that can be entered from some type of control record?
c) What information must be supplied by using some type of transaction file?
d) What data should be stored and accessed from tables?
e) What information the program can calculate?

The analyst must be concerned into the program in the most efficient and cost-effective manner.

How and where data is generated.

How and Where data is generated, has a direct impact on a number of other questions.

In a cost-accounting system, much of the data is generated when material is put into production. The analyst should attempt to provide a reliable means of entering data directly into the system from the factory. Data collection devices or special terminals can be used to enter some of the data

In a retail sales system, a type of scanner device-Bar Code Readers may be used to read price tickets. When charges sales are made, special readers are available that make it possible to use the data stored on the customer's charge card.

Railways Reservation system presents an input screen simply on entering the train code, travel class and date of travel wherein reservation is asked, the clerk has to enter passenger's details almost in the same way as given by him in reservation slip.

In large Tea gardens of assam spread over several kilometers, hand held terminals in mobile vans are used to enter leaf phreker's code and weight of leaf plucked on the daily basis moving from one garden to another and entire data is updated returning back to computer center which generates weekly payments reports for forced workers and next days schedule for labor deployment in new gardens.