C++
An extension to the language developed primarily by B.Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Laboratories: it supports object-oriented programming among other enhancements

C
A language developed in conjunction with the UNIX operating system at AT&T Bell Laboratories by D.Ritchie and now an ANSI standard. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments.

C
A programming language invented at the same time as Unix, and in which nearly all Unix programs are written. C is a great programming language for a lots of reasons. C programs look a lot like random punctuation strewn across the page. Luckily, you do not have to know or use C to use Unix, so we don't talk about it anywhere else.

Cache
A small fast memory holding recently-accessed data, designed to speed up further access.

CACI
A company marketing SIMSCRIPT, and other simulation software products.

CACM
Communications of the ACM.

CAC
Connection Admission Control: Connection Admission Control is defined as the set of actions taken by the network during the call set- up phase (or during call re-negotiation phase) in order to determine whether a connection request can be accepted or should be rejected (or whether a request for re-allocation can be accommodated).

CAD/CAM
Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (see CAD)

CAD
Computer Aided Design: usually applied to that part of CAE which has to do with the drawing or physical layout steps of engineering design.

CADD
Computer Aided Detector Design: a project to develop standards and methods to allow cooperation between HEP detector designers working in different institutes

CADRE
A software engineering vendor in the US.

CAE
Common Applications Environment of X/Open , based on POSIX and C

CAE
Computer Aided Engineering: a technique for using computers to help with all phases of engineering design work. As CAD , but also involving the conceptual and analytical design steps.

CAI
Computer Aided Instruction.

CAIS-A
Common APSE Interface Set: DoD-STD-1838A.

CAIS
Common APSE Interface Specification.

CAiSE
Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering.

CAJUN
CD-ROM Acrobat Journals Using Networks. A project at Nottigham University

Call
A call is an association between two or more users or between a user and a network entity that is established by the use of network capabilities. This association may have zero or more connections.

callback
A process for invoking a method or a desktop command , or for using the gadget library in an application; the means by which dialogs and gadgets respond to user input. For example, when an administrator makes a selection with the mouse, some action is initiated from the user interface to an underlying object representing some system resource or component; that is, the user interface "calls back" to the object to invoke some method or series of methods.

call data record (CDR)
Information logged by the private branch exchange (PBX) that tracks who made or received calls from whom, the duration of the call, and other information. CDR is used to bill back telecommunications charges to the appropriate parties.

CALS
Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support: a DoD standard for electronic exchange of data with commercial suppliers

Caml
A functional programming language in the style of ML

CApH
Conventions for the Application of HyTime. An activity of the GCA

CAQ
Computer Aided Quality.

CARDS
Central Archive for Reusable Defense Software of the DoD.

Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD)
Different devices on a network may try to communicate at any one time, so access methods need to be established. Using the CSMA/CDcd access method, a device first checks that the cable is free from other carriers and then transmits, while continuing to monitor the presence of another carrier. If a collision is detected, the device stops transmitting and tries later. In a CSMA network with collision detection, all stations have the ability to sense traffic on the network.

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Multiple machines sharing a network and talking at the same time cause collisions. When the collisions are detected, both machines stop sending, wait a random amount of time, and then try to transmit again.

CAS
See Channel Associated Signalling (CAS)

CAS
Channel Associated Signaling: A form of circuit state signaling in which the circuit state is indicated by one or more bits of signaling status sent repetitively and associated with that specific circuit.

cascaded operation
An operation in which the first object, originally acting as a server for a client, now becomes a client of a second object on a remote machine, and so on.

CASE*Method
An analysis and design method from Oracle, targeted at information management applications.

CASE framework
A set of products and conventions that allow CASE tools to be integrated into a coherent environment.

CASE tools
Software tools to help in the application of CASE methods to a software project.

CASE
Computer Aided Software Engineering: a technique for using computers to help with the systematic analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of software. Adopting the CASE approach to building and maintaining systems involves software tools and training for the developers who will use them

CASSAM
Computer Aided Software Support and Maintenance.

CAST
Computer Aided Software Testing.

CATE
Computer Aided Test Engineering: CASE methods applied to electronics testing and linked to CAE

CAUSE
An international (mainly North American) nonprofit association for managing and using information technology in higher education - . gopher://cause-gopher.colorado.edu/

cb
C Beautifier

C Beautifier
A tool for tidying the syntax of source code.

CBDS
Connectionless Broadband Data Service: A connectionless service similar to Bellcore's SMDS defined by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

CBR
Constant Bit Rate: An ATM service category which supports a constant or guaranteed rate to transport services such as video or voice as well as circuit emulation which requires rigorous timing control and performance parameters.

CBT
Computer-Based Training.

CCI
Common Client Interface for Mosaic

CCITT
A committee of the ITU responsible for making technical recommendations about telephone and data communication systems for PTTs and suppliers. Plenary sessions are held every four years to adopt new standards.

CCITT
See International Telecommunications Union (ITU).

CCL
Common Command Language. A standard for bibliographic information retrieval systems.

CCMS
See Change and Configuration Management Service (CCMS).

CC/PP
Composite Capability/Preferences Profiles is a set of CPIs.

CCQ
Client Capabilities Query.

CCR
Current Cell Rate: The Current Cell Rate is an RM-cell field set by the source to its current ACR when it generates a forward RM-cell. This field may be used to facilitate the calculation of ER, and may not be changed by network elements. CCR is formatted as a rate.

CCS
Common Channel Signaling: A form signaling in which a group of circuits share a signaling channel. Refer to SS7.

CCS
See Common Channel Signalling (CCS) .

CCS
Common Communication Services: the standard program interface to networks in SAA .

CDA
Compound Document Architecture: DEC's set of standards for compound document creation, storage, retrieval, interchange and manipulation.

CDC
Control Data Corporation

CDDI
See Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI)

CDD/Plus
DEC's CASE repository

CDE
C Development environment from IDE

CDE
Common Desktop Environment. A Desktop manager from COSE

CDE
See Common Desktop Environment (CDE)

CDF
Common Data Format. A library and toolkit for multi-dimensional data sets

CDF
Cutoff Decrease Factor: CDF controls the decrease in ACR (Allowed Cell Rate) associated with CRM.

CDIF
CASE Data Interchange Format: an emerging standard.for interchange of data between CASE tools

CDM
Content Data Model. An SGML -based DoD specification for interactive manuals.

CDP: Cellular Digital Packet data.

CDR
See call data record (CDR)

CD-ROM
A computer disk that looks just like a music CD but contains data rather than music.

CD-ROM
Compact Disk-Read Only Memory: Used by a computer to store large amounts of data. Commonly used for interactive video games.

CDV
Cell Delay Variation: CDV is a component of cell transfer delay, induced by buffering and cell scheduling. Peak-to-peak CDV is a QoS delay parameter associated with CBR and VBR services. The peak-to- peak CDV is the ((1-a) quantile of the CTD) minus the fixed CTD that could be experienced by any delivered cell on a connection during the entire connection holding time. The parameter "a" is the probability of a cell arriving late. See CDVT.

CDVT
Cell Delay Variation Tolerance-ATM layer functions may alter the traffic characteristics of ATM connections by introducing Cell Delay Variation. When cells from two or more ATM connections are multiplexed, cells of a given ATM connection may be delayed while cells of another ATM connection are being inserted at the output of the multiplexer. Similarly, some cells may be delayed while physical layer overhead or OAM cells are inserted. Consequently, some ran domness may affect the inter-arrival time between consecutive cells of a connection as monitored at the UNI. The upper bound on the "clumping" measure is the CDVT.

CE
Connection Endpoint: A terminator at one end of a layer connection within a SAP.

CE
Concurrent Engineering.

CEBAF
Continuous Electron Beam Facility in Newport News, VA USA - .

Cecil
An object-oriented language from Washington University intended to support rapid construction of high-quality, extensible software - .

CEI
Connection Endpoint Identifier: Identifier of a CE that can be used to identify the connection at a SAP.

Cell
A unit of transmission in ATM. A fixed-size frame consisting of a 5-octet header and a 48-octet payload.

cell
A 53-byte chunk of data with embedded routing information. The first five bytes are header and the last 48 bytes are the payload or data.

Cell Broadcast: Technology designed for the simultaneous delivery of short messages to multiple mobile users within a specified region. This is one to many version of SMS.

Cell Header
ATM Layer protocol control information.

Cells in Frames
Cells In Frames is a protocol established by the CIF Alliance which specifies how to transport ATM protocol over Ethernet, Token Ring and other frame protocols. CIF uses software at the workstation instead of a new hardware Network Interface Card to do QOS scheduling and ABR flow control.

cell loss priority (CLP)
A two-bit field in the ATM header that defines the priority of the cell, for congestion avoidance and data loss routines.

cell relay
See Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) .

CEN
Conseil Europeen pour la Normalisation: a body coordinating standardisation activities in the EEC and EFTA. countries.

CENELEC
CEN -electricite.

central processing unit (CPU)
That part of the computer that performs the actual processing; the machine instruction executor. Also used to refer to the unit of the computer that contains the CPU chip (such as the workstation base in a NeXT slab); that part of the computer apart from the monitor and keyboard and mouse.

central processing unit
The heart of the computer, the part that does the thinking (such as it is). These days, in all but the largest computers, the CPU is contained entirely on a little, black chip the size of your thumb and that costs maybe $200. CPU chips are named by using numbers, like 68040 and 80486, by using acronyms, like SPARC, or made up names, like Pentium.

CER
Cell Error Ratio: The ratio of errored cells in a transmission in relation to the total cells sent in a transmission. The measurement is taken over a time interval and is desirable to be measured on an in-service circuit.

CERA
Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications. An international journal

CERC
Concurrent Engineering Research Center, West Virginia University

CERN
The European Laboratory for Particle Physics.

CERNLIB
The CERN Program Library

CERT
Computer Emergency Response Team. Now CERT Coordination Center, works with the Internet community on security problems.

CERT
See Computer Emergency Response team (CERT)

CES
Circuit Emulation Service: The ATM Forum circuit emulation service interoperability specification specifies interoperability agreements for supporting Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic over ATM networks that comply with the other ATM Forum interoperability agreements. Specifically, this specification supports emulation of existing TDM circuits over ATM networks.

CFI
CAD Framework Initiative. A consortium working on interface standards for integrating CAD tools and data.

CFOOT
Corporate Facilitators of Object-Oriented Technology.

CGI
CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface. CGI allows HTML pages to interact with programming applications.

CGI - Common Gateway Interface. This is a programming standard which defines how a Web Page can interact with a user, i.e. fill out a form. Typically CGI applications are written in either PERL or C, both are computer languages of varying complexity. CGI applications run on the server, not on the visiting client.

CGI
See Common Gateway Interface (CGI).

CGI
Acronym for Common Gateway Interface. This is a program specification used to write scripts for use with a server.

CGI
Common Gateway Interface. A standard for running external programs under a WWW or similar information server.

CGI
A (French) software engineering vendor in the US.

CGM
Computer Graphics Metafile: a standard file format for storage and communication of graphical information, widely used on personal computers and accepted by desktop publishing systems. (ANSI/ISO)

Change and Configuration Management Service (CCMS)
Management by subscription. Allows applications to create abstract, architecture- and platform-independent profiles that describe configuration settings for the resources and services they manage.

Channel Associated Signalling (CAS)
Signalling bits are transmitted in-band, along with the digitized voice itself.

Change Management
A consistent set of techniques that aid in evolution, composition and policy management of the design and implementation of an object or system.

Character matrix
The total number of Horizontal and Vertical spaces required per character.

Character matrix
The total number of Horizontal and Vertical spaces required per character.

Charm
A portable object-oriented parallel programming system from University of Illinois

Chen
Peter Chen developed the Entity-Relationship model.

Checksum
A number that is calculated based on the values if a block of data. Checksums are used in communication to ensure that the correct data was received.

checksum
A number computed by glomming together all the characters from an entire file in a special mathematical way. If you are afraid that a file is going to change, perhaps getting messed up by being transmitted across noisy lines, you can calculate a checksum before and after transmitting it. If you get the same checksum, the file probably did'nt change.

CHEOPS
A satellite-based batch data dissemination project between CERN and member state institutes.

Child Node
A node at the next lower level of the hierarchy which is contained in the peer group represented by the logical group node currently referenced. This could be a logical group node, or a physical node.

Child Peer Group
A child peer group of a peer group is any one containing a child node of a logical group node in that peer group. A child peer group of a logical group node is the one containing the child node of that logical group node.

Child version
A version of a version. See change management .

CHILL
CCITT High-Level Language. A real-time language used in telecommunications.

Choices
An object-oriented operating system from University of Illinois

Chorus
A distributed operating system developed at INRIA

CI
Congestion Indicator: This is a field in a RM-cell, and is used to cause the source to decrease its ACR. The source sets CI=0 when it sends an RM-cell. Setting CI=1 is typically how destinations indicate that EFCI has been received on a previous data cell.

CIAC - Computer Incident Advisory Center. A US Government sponsored group charged with diseminating information concerning computer security and viruses to other government agencies and the public. A working group of the US Department of Energy.

CIAC
Computer Incident Advisory Capability of the US DoE

CIC
Committee on Institutional Cooperation. An academic consortium of American Universities

CICERO
Control Information system Concepts based on Encapsulated Real-time Objects. A CERN DRDC proposal.

CICS
See Customer Information Control System (CICS)

CIDR
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (on the Internet

CIDR
See Classless Internet Domain Routing (CIDR)

CIE Coordinates
The CIE Coordinates for any color are obtained from a CIE Color Chart.

CIFS
See Common Internet File System (CIFS).

CIL
Component Integration Laboratories. An effort to create a common framework for interoperability between applications on desktop platforms, formed by Apple, IBM, Novell, Oracle, Taligent, WordPerfect, and Xerox

CIM
Computer Integrated Manufacturing.

CIP
Common Indexing Protocol. For use by directory services when passing indexing information: under study by an IETF working group.

CIP
Carrier Identification Parameter: A 3 or 4 digit code in the initial address message identifying the carrier to be used for the connection.

CIR
Committed Information Rate: CIR is the information transfer rate which a network offering Frame Relay Services (FRS) is committed to transfer under normal conditions. The rate is averaged over a minimum increment of time.

Circuit Switching
A type of communication system that established a connection, or circuit, between the two devices before communicating and does not discount until all data is sent.

CIS
Case Integration Services: a committee formed to discuss CASE tool integration standards related to ATIS.

CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computer.

CISI
A French software house.

CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computer. A type of CPU(central processing unit)chip. Pronounced "kisk". The other kind of CPU is RISC. You don't care.

CISM
See Change Integration and Software Management (CISM).

CIX
Commercial Internet eXchange. A non-profit trade association of Public Data Internetwork service providers

CL
Connectionless Service: A service which allows the transfer of information among service subscribers without the need for end-to- end establishment procedures.

CL
See Common Lisp Common-Lisp.

Class
A language developed by the Andrew Project Andrew-Project: one of the first attempts to add object-oriented object-oriented features to C.

Class
The prototype for an object in an object-oriented object-oriented language; analogous to a derived type in a procedural language.

Class library
A library of reusable classes Classfor use with an object-oriented object-oriented programming system

Class-Relation Method
A design technique based on the concepts of object-oriented object-oriented programming and the Entity-Relationship Entity-Relationshipmodel from the French company Softeam.

Classless Internet Domain Routing (CIDR)
A protocol (defined in RFC 1467 ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1467.txt) that allows for variable-length addresses that allows for more- and less-specific routing information. This replaces the old class A, class B, class C routing scheme.

clean
The file system /f is guaranteed to have a static, stable structure. Only unmounted filesystems or read-only file systems are clean by definition.

Cleanroom
A software development approach aimed at producing software with the minimum number of errors - .

CLHEP
A C++ C++ class library Class-library for high energy physics applications

CLI
See command line interface (CLI).

CLIENT - There are multiple meanings for this word in computer technology, however in the context being presented here, a client typically refers to a computer which is temporarily connected to the Internet via a modem connection.

Client
Any device that attaches to the network server. A workstation is the most common type of client. Clients run client software to provide network access. A piece of software which accesses data on a server can also be called a client.

client
The requestor of a service as provided by a server /s. For example, a "TME /t client" is a managed node; xterm is an X Window System client.

Client
A system or process that requests a service from another system or process.

client
In the X window system and its relatives, Motif and OPEN LOOK, a program that does real work, as opposed to a program that displays the results on-screen.

client/server model
The structure by which services are implemented. A client process on one host makes a request that a server process (which may or may not be on another host) fulfills.

client stub
An ORB /o interface that provides for the collection, transmission, marshaling and unmarshaling

CLIENT - There are multiple meanings for this word in computer technology, however in the context being presented here, a client typically refers to a computer which is temporarily connected to the Internet via a modem connection.

Client
Any device that attaches to the network server. A workstation is the most common type of client. Clients run client software to provide network access. A piece of software which accesses data on a server can also be called a client.

clicking
"Clicking With A Mouse" means moving the mouse until the cursor is on the thing you want to select and then pressing and releasing the mouse button. If your mouse has several buttons, use the leftmost button unless instructed otherwise.

click-to-type
A system GUIs use to control which window you are working in. When you want to move to a different window, move the mouse and click in the new window to tell the GUI you want to use that window. It's a pain in the neck, actually.

clone
Copy. A clone NetInfo server is an exact copy of a master NetInfo server in the same subdomain. See domain (2) /d, NetInfo /n.

CLOS
Common Lisp Object System: an object-oriented object-oriented language derived from Common Lisp Common-Lisp - . /CLOS

CLP
Constraint Logic Programming.

CLP
Cell Loss Priority: This bit in the ATM cell header indicates two levels of priority for ATM cells. CLP=0 cells are higher priority than CLP=1 cells. CLP=1 cells may be discarded during periods of congestion to preserve the CLR of CLP=0 cells.

CLR
Cell Loss Ratio: CLR is a negotiated QoS parameter and acceptable values are network specific. The objective is to minimize CLR provided the end-system adapts the traffic to the changing ATM layer transfer characteristics. The Cell Loss Ratio is defined for a connection as: Lost Cells/Total Transmitted Cells. The CLR parameter is the value of CLR that the network agrees to offer as an objective over the lifetime of the connection. It is expressed as an order of magnitude, having a range of 10-1 to 10-15 and unspecified.

CLU
An object-oriented object-oriented programming language developed at MIT MIT by Liskov et al.

CLX
The Common Lisp interface to the X Window System X-Window-System, equivalent to Xlib Xlib.

CM
Configuration Management.

CMA
Concert Multithread Architecture from DEC .

CMDA: Code Division Multiple Access is a technology that enables multiple uses to access a single radio frequency channel through the allocation of a unique code sequence.

CMIP
Common Management Interface Protocol: An ITU-TSS standard for the message formats and procedures used to exchange management information in order to operate, administer maintain and provision a network.

CML
Chemical Markup Language. A means for interchanging chemical information, based on SGML SGML

CMM
Capability Maturity Model for software development organisations, from SEI SEI

CMR
Cell Misinsertion Rate: The ratio of cells received at an endpoint that were not originally transmitted by the source end in relation to the total number of cells properly transmitted.

CMS
A code management code-managementsystem from DEC.

CMU
See Carnegie-Mellon University (CMU) /.

CMVC
Configuration Management Version Control from IBM.

CMZ
A portable interactive code management code-managementsystem from CodeME S.A.R.L in use in the high-energy physics community.

CNAME record
See DNS record types, CNAME record /d.

CNET
Centre national d'Etudes des Telecommunications: the French national telecommunications research centre at Lannion.

CNI
Coalition for Networked Information. Promotes the creation of and access to information resources in networked environments in order to enrich scholarship and enhance intellectual productivity -

CNR
Complex Node Representation: A collection of nodal state parameters that provide detailed state information associated with a logical node.

CNRI
Corporation for National Research Initiatives, Reston, VA. A US research and development organisation in information processing technology - . /Internet

Coaxial Cable
One of the types of cable used in network wiring. Typical coax types include RG-58 and RG-62. The 10base2 system of Ethernet networking uses coaxial cable. Coaxial cable is usually shielded. The Thicknet system uses a thicker coaxial cable.

COBOL
COmmon Business Oriented Language: an early and widely-used programming language for business applications.

COCOMO
Constructive Cost Model: a method for evaluating the cost of a software package proposed by B.Boehm, "Software Engineering Economics" Prentice-Hall 1987 - . /COCOMO

COD
Connection Oriented Data: Data requiring sequential delivery of its component PDUs to assure correct functioning of its supported application, (e.g., voice or video).

CODA
An object-oriented object-oriented data-acquisition system at CEBAF -

Codd's First Normal Form see Normal Form Normal-Form.

Code Management
A source code management system helps program developers keep track of version history, releases, parallel versions etc. There are several in popular use - . /code-management.txt

CodeCenter
A proprietary software development environment for C programs, offering an integrated toolkit for developing, testing, debugging and maintainance (formerly Saber-C)

Cognitech
A French software house specialising in Artificial Intelligence.

COHESION
DEC's CASE CASE environment.

Collage
A synchronous collaborative data analysis tool for use over the Internet Internet, from NCSA NCSA - . /Collage

collection
A group of objects, with or without any particular relationships other than belonging to a named group.

collision
When two interfaces on the same physical network transmit at the same time, the packets interfere with each other. This collision causes data loss so the interfaces have to retransmit the data.

Color Balance
The ability of the monitor to show and maintain the same color when switching or varying the intensity of the screen.

COM
Common Object Model. An open architecture from DEC and Microsoft, allowing interoperation between ObjectBroker ObjectBroker and OLE OLE - . /COM

COM
Continuation of Message: An indicator used by the ATM Adaptation Layer to indicate that a particular ATM cell is a continuation of a higher layer information packet which has been segmented.

COMIS
a COMpilation and Interpretation System. A FORTRAN FORTRANinterpreter use by the PAW PAW

system

COMMA Common Object-oriented Object-oriented Methodology Metamodel Architecture from OPEN

command A word you type to get Unix to do something. Actually, the UNIX shell listens to the commands you type and tries to execute them. some commands are things the shell knows how to do. Other commands are seperate programs, stored in files on the disk. When you type a command, press Enter or Return at the end of the line.

command line interface (CLI) A line-based (as opposed to a screen-based) interface between the user and an application.

Common Channel Signalling (CCS) Signalling bits are transmitted out-of-band, in a separate channel from the digitized voice. Typically a number of voice channels have their signalling combined together into a single signalling channel.

Common Desktop Environment (CDE) A common windowing scheme, based on the X11 Motif system, used both in Solaris and HP-UX, to provide a similar look and feel for users.

Common Gateway Interface (CGI) A method to allow the user to interact with HTML documents; CGI allows the use of forms and scripts on the World Wide Web (WWW). See also HyperText Markup Language (HTML) /h, World Wide Web (WWW) /w.

Common Internet File System (CIFS) The name for Microsoft's version of a networked file system /f. See also Network File System (NFS) /n, Windows NT File System (NTFS) /w.

Common Lisp An ANSI ANSI standard version of Lisp Lisp.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) An OMG /o and X/Open /x specification introducing IDL /i, ORB /o and BOA /b. The current version is CORBA 1.1. CORBA / was adopted by OMG from a joint proposal by Digital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard Company, HyperDesk Corporation, NCR Corporation, Object Design, Inc., and SunSoft, Inc.

Common Peer Group The lowest level peer group in which a set of nodes is represented. A node is represented in a peer group either directly or through one of its ancestors.

Communication endpoint An object associated with a set of attributes which are specified at the communication creation time.

Communication Protocol For computers engaged in telecommunications, the protocol (i.e., the setting and standards) must be the same for both devices when receiving and transmitting information. A communications program can be used to ensure that the baud rate, duplex, parity, data bits, and stop bits are correctly set.

Communicator: PDA type equipment integrated with or attached to a mobile phone, for example Nokia Communicator 99110. Ericsson MC218.

COMNET A simulation tool from CACI CACI for analysing wide-area voice or data networks, based on SIMSCRIPT SIMSCRIPT..

Compaq A US manufacturer of IBM PC-compatibles.

compression A way to shrink files so that they don't take up so much space. File compression programs that do this include compress and pack. To uncompress a compressed file, use uncompress, unpack, pcat or zcat.

Compression Data files are often compressed to take up less network bandwidth, memory etc. Common examples are program executables and visual images. Many algorithms and utilities exist for this - . /Compression

Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) The CERT Coordination Center is the organization that grew from the computer emergency response team formed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) /d in November 1988 in response to the needs identified during the Internet worm incident. The CERT charter is to work with the Internet community to facilitate its response to computer security events involving Internet hosts, to take proactive steps to raise the community's awareness of computer security issues, and to conduct research targeted at improving the security of existing systems.

computer You mean that you've got this far and you still don't know what a computer is?True, sometimes it can be hard to tell. A computer is the part of the system that contains a processing unit that does the thinking. Sometimes people refer to the computer as the entire package; the processing unit, keyboard, screen, disk drives_the works. You may need to know if you have a computer on your desk or if you have a terminal connected to a computer somewhere else. If you are using a PC with a program such as kermit or procomm as a terminal to communicate with a computer running Unix, when we talk about the "computer", we mean the Unix machine.

Computer-Telephony Integration (CTI) The integration of computers and telephone equipment; a computer performing telephone services, such as placing calls or acting as an answering machine.

COMSOFT Consortium for the Management of Emerging Software Technologies - . /COMSOFT

concatenate The act of combining two string into a single, longer string.

concatenated stripe Allows multiple disk partitions to be treated as a single large partition by the kernel. See also Disk Suite /d.

Concrete Class In object-oriented object-oriented programming, a class class suitable to be instantiated.(as opposed to an abstract class abstract-class).

Concurrent Clean A functional language functional-language for the Macintosh from the University of Nijmegen.

Concurrent Engineering An approach where all aspects of a product's life-cycle are considered as early as possible in the design, manufacturing and maintenance process - . /CE

conditional A JavaScript statement that performs an action if a particular condition is true, usually using the if statement.

Configuration management The process of identifying, defining, recording and reporting the configuration items in a system and the change requests. Controlling the releases and change of the items throughout the life-cycle life-cycle See also code management code-management- . /Configuration

Configuration The phase in which the LE Client discovers the LE Service.

Connection An ATM connection consists of concatenation of ATM Layer links in order to provide an end-to-end information transfer capability to access points.

Connection In switched virtual connection (SVC) environments the LAN Emulation Management entities set up connections between each other using UNI signaling.

Connection- Oriented The model of interconnection in which communication proceeds through three well-defined phase: connection establishment, data transfer, connection release. Example: X.2.5, Internet TCP and OSI TP4, registered letters.

Connectionless Refers to ability of existing LANs to send data without previously establishing connections.

Connectionless The model of interconnection in which communication takes place without first establishing a connection. Establishing a connection. Sometimes called datagram. Examples; LANs, Internet IP, OSI, CLNP, UDP, ordinary postcards.

Constructor A function provided by a class class in C++ C++ to instantiate an object.

Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy and Telephony (CCITT)A committee, sponsored by the United Nations, that defines network standards, including X.400 and X.500. This committee has been recently renamed to International Telecommunications Unions/Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU/TSS).

Container class A class class whose instances are collections of other objects. Examples include stacks, queues, lists and arrays.

Control Connections A Control VCC links the LEC to the LECS. Control VCCs also link the LEC to the LES and carry LE_ARP traffic and control frames. The control VCCs never carry data frames.

control key The key on the keyboard labelled control or ctrl. It is used as a shift key. It does nothing of it's own. To use it hold it down, press another key, and release it. To press Cntrl-D, for example, hold the Ctrl key, press and release the ctrl key.

Control Panel Windows family containing management tools.

Convergence The ability of the electron beam to hit precisely the correct phosphor dot.

COO: Cell Of Original is a mobile location system.

COOKIE - A small file on your computer in which a web si