E
A database progamming language developed for the EXODUS EXODUS project.

E.164
A public network addressing standard utilizing up to a maximum of 15 digits. ATM uses E.164 addressing for public network addressing.

E1
Also known as CEPT1, the 2.048 Mbps rate used by European CEPT carrier to transmit 30 64 kbps digital channels for voice or data calls, plus a 64 kbps signaling channel and a 64 kbps channel for framing and maintenance.

E3
Also known as CEPT3, the 34.368 Mbps rate used by European CEPT carrier to transmit 16 CEPT1s plus overhead.

EAPLS
European Association for Programming Languages and Systems

EARN
European Academic and Research Network. A self-managing network in the research community originally sponsored by IBM. It uses BITNET BITNET protocols and connects to BITNET in the US - . /RIPE

EAST
A Eureka Eureka project developing a software engineering platform.

EC
Electronic Commerce. Managing business transactions using networking and electronic means.

ECFA
European Committee for Future Accelerators. This body, whose principal role is to take care of Europe's requirements for future particle accelerators, has also looked at particle physics data handling on a European-wide basis.

ECHO
A public database service of the European Community - . /ECHO

ECHT
European Conference on Hypertext Hypertext.

ECIP2
An Esprit Esprit Project on the definition of a specification language at the requirement level.

ECIS
European Committee for Interoperable Systems.

ECM
Enterprise Component Modelling.

ECMA
European Computer Manufacturers Association - . /ECMA

ECMA:
European Computer Manufacturer Association.

ECO
Engineering Change Order.

ECOOP
European Conference on Object-oriented Object-oriented Programming - . /ECOOP

ECRC
Electronic Commerce Resource Centers. A network of US government sponsored centers that provide support to government and industry in developing and implementing strategies for business process improvement, implementing enabling technologies, and migrating to electronic commerce

EDA
Product line from Dazix Dazix.

Eden
An object-oriented distributed operating system based on an RPC RPC mechanism .

Edge Device
A physical device which is capable of forwarding packets between legacy interworking interfaces (e.g., Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.) and ATM interfaces based on data-link and network layer information but which does not participate in the running of any network layer routing protocol. An Edge Device obtains forwarding descriptions using the route distribution protocol.

EDGE:
Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution is an ETSI standard. It is a higher bandwidth version of GSM, allowing for transmission speeds of up to 384Kb per second, that makes use of existing GSM infrastructure.

EDH
Electronic Document Handling (at CERN)

EDI
Electronic Data Interchange: a set of standards for exchanging orders and other business transactions by electronic mail

EDIF
Electronic Design Interchange Format .

EDM
Engineering Data Management.

EDMS
Electronic Document Management System.

EDUCOM
A nonprofit consortium of US higher education institutions promoting access to and use of information resources and technology - . gopher://ivory.educom.edu/

EEMA
European Electronic Messaging Association.

EER
An extended entity-relationship entity-relationship model .

EFCI
Explicit Forward Congestion Indication: EFCI is an indication in the ATM cell header. A network element in an impending-congested state or a congested state may set EFCI so that this indication may be examined by the destination end-system. For example, the end- system may use this indication to implement a protocol that adaptively lowers the cell rate of the connection during congestion or impending congestion. A network element that is not in a congestion state or an impending congestion state will not modify the value of this indication. Impending congestion is the state when a network equipment is operating around its engineered capacity level.

EFF
Electronic Frontier Foundation. An organisation working on civil rights issues in networking

EFS
Error Free Seconds: A unit used to specify the error performance of T carrier systems, usually expressed as EFS per hour, day, or week. This method gives a better indication of the distribution of bit errors than a simple bit error rate (BER). Also refer to SES.

EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
A reachability routing protocol used by gateways in a two-level internet. EGP is used in the Internet core system.

EGP
See External Gateway Protocol (EGP) /.

EHTS
Emacs HyperText System: an experimental multiuser hypertext hypertext system from the University of Aalborg. It consists of a text editor (based on Epoch Epoch and GNU GNU Emacs Emacs and written in elisp) and a graphical browser browser (based on XView XView and written in C) running under the X Window System X-Window-System and OpenWindows OpenWindows Both tools use HyperBase HyperBase as database.

EIA
Electronic Industries Association.

EIF
See Event Integration Facility (EIF) /.

Eiffel
An object-oriented object-oriented programming language developed by B.Meyer et al. and commercialised by ISE ISE - . /Eiffel

Eiffel shelf
A set of user-contributed classes class available with the Eiffel Eiffel system.

EIS
Executive Information System.

EJO
Electronic Journals Online. A service of the OCLC OCLC.

ELAN Emulated Local Area Network: A logical network initiated by using the mechanisms defined by LAN Emulation. This could include ATM and legacy attached end stations.

Electronic Mail
A system allowing computer users to exchange messages via a network.

electronic mail
See mail /m.

electronic mail(e-mail or email)
Typed messages sent on a computer network rather than on paper.

element
A single member of an array, referred to with an index.

Ellemtel
A C++ C++style guide originated by Ellemtel Telecom Systems, Stockholm.

ELOT
The Greek standards association.

ELSA
Electronic Library Services and Applications. A library of reusable public domain software supported by NASA

emacs
A popular editor and associated utilities for UNIX UNIX from the FSF FSF

EMAIL -
A method by which one person can send messages to another. Distance and location are not relevant to email.

E-MAIL
E-mail is Electronic Mail. It is a way of sending letters, sales notices, brochures, and more over the Internet. E-mail is primarily text based , however, so you must be creative in how you send sales notices and brochures when doing it via e-mail.

E-MAIL ALIAS
An E-mail aliase account is sometimes called a forwarding account. This type of e-mail allows you to appear to have an address on one domain, yet behind the scenes the mail is forwarded on to your real e-mail account.

EMAIL
POP An e-mail POP account is an actual physical e-mail box and User ID located on the server for which the address is made. When e-mail is sent to a real POP account, the mail is stored on the server until the user logs in with their e-mail software and downloads it.

email
See Electronic mail Electronic-mail.

E-mail
See Electronic mail Electronic-mail.

e-mail
See mail /m.

EMDIR
The CERN Electronic Mail DIRectory utility.

EMI
Electromagnetic Interference: Equipment used in high speed data systems, including ATM, that generate and transmit many signals in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Interference to other equipment or radio services may result if sufficient power from these signals escape the equipment enclosures or transmission media. National and international regulatory agencies (FCC, CISPR, etc.) set limits for these emissions. Class A is for industrial use and Class B is for residential use.

EML
Element Management Layer: An abstraction of the functions provided by systems that manage each network element on an individual basis.

EMOTICONS - Emoticons are ASCII character-based symbols that help clarify online communication. Here are some examples :

EMS
Element Management System: A management system that provides functions at the element Management Layer.

EMX
See Enterprise Mail Exchange (EMX) /.

Encapsulation
The ability to provide users with a well-defined interface to a set of functions in a way which hides their internal workings. In object-oriented object-oriented programming, the technique of keeping together data structures and the methods method(procedures) which act on them.

ENCODING -
Encoding translates an attachment to a form that eases its transmission over the Internet. When an encoded file is received, it must be decoded. There are a variety of encoding schemes, including MIME, Base 64, UUEncode on the PC, and Binhex on the Macintosh.

end of input
Usually the Cntrl-D character.

End Station
These devices (e.g., hosts or PCs) enable the communication between ATM end stations and end stations on "legacy" LAN or among ATM end stations.

end user
See user /u.

enter key
In a Unix shell, pressing Enter means that you have just typed a command and you want Unix to do it. In a text editor, pressing Enter means you want to begin a new line. The Enter key and the Return key usually do the same thing( your keyboard may have one, the other, or both).

Enterprise Mail Exchange (EMX)
A product by SoftSwitch, Inc., that acts as a protocol converter for electronic mail between the Unix/SMTP /s, IBM /i 3090/DISSOS /d, and cc:Mail protocols.

Entity-Relationship
An approach to data modelling proposed by P.Chen in 1976.

Entity-Relationship diagram
A type of diagram used in the Entity-Relationship Entity-Relationship model.

Entry Border Node
The node which receives a call over an outside link. This is the first node within

a peer group to see this call.

EOM
End of Message: An indicator used in the AAL that identifies the last ATM cell containing information from a data packet that has been segmented.

EOQ
European Organization for Quality.

E-OTD;
Enhanced Observed Time Difference is a mobile location system that uses different between time of arrival, at the handset and at a nearby locator, of a signal transmitted by the mobile network to pin-point the devices position.

EOUG
European ORACLE ORACLE Users Group.

EPCS
Experimental Physics Control Systems: a group of the European Physical Society, focussing on all aspects of controls, especially informatics, in experimental physics, including accelerators and experiments.

EPIC
Electronic Privacy Information Center. A US center working on privacy issues relating to the National Information Infrastructure

EPICS
Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System. Software for accelerator, experiment, and process control from ANL and LANL

EPO
European Patent Office

EPOC:
Operating system specifically designed for mobile devices by Symbian, a consortium formedof Psion, Ericsson, Matsushita, Nokia and Motorola. It is best known for its implementation on Psion PDAs and Ericsson R380 mobile phones.

Epoch
A version of GNU Emacs for the X Window system from NCSA NCSA.

EPS
Encapsulated PostScript PostScript - . /Graphics

EQA
European Quality Award for process improvement.

ER
Entity-Relationship Entity-Relationship.

ER
Explicit Rate: The Explicit Rate is an RM-cell field used to limit the source ACR to a specific value. It is initially set by the source to a requested rate (such as PCR). It may be subsequently reduced by any network element in the path to a value that the element can sustain. ER is formatted as a rate.

ERA
Entity-Relationship Entity-Relationship-Attribute.

ERC
An extended entity-relationship entity-relationship model .

ERCIM
European Research Consortium on Informatics and Mathematics. An association of European research organizations promoting cooperative research on key issues in information technology

ERCS
Extended Reference Concrete Syntaxes for SGML, to support East Asian and other non-English languages

ERD
Entity-relationship diagram.

ergonomics
The study of the problems of people in adjusting their environment to themselves.

Error control
An arrangement that combines error detection and error correction.

Error Correction
A method used to correct erroneous data produced during data transmission, transfer, or storage.

ES
End System: A system where an ATM connection is terminated or initiated. An originating end system initiates the ATM connection, and terminating end system terminates the ATM connection. OAM cells may be generated and received.

ESA
European Space Agency - /ESA on ESA software standards.

escape key
The key labeled Escape or Esc. What this key does depends on the program you are using. The vi editor uses it to switch from input mode to command mode.

ESF
Eureka Software Factory.

ESF
Extended Superframe: A DS1 framing format in which 24 DS0 times lots plus a coded framing bit are organized into a frame which is repeated 24 times to form a superframe.

ESI
End System Identifier: This identifier distinguishes multiple nodes at the same level in case the lower level peer group is partitioned.

ESI
European Software Institute. A network of organisations co-operating in strategic planning of process improvement

ESIS
Element Structure Information Set produced by SGM parsers.

ESML
Extended Systems Modelling Language: a real-time real-time software engineering methodology based on RTSA RTSA.

ESMTP
See Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ESMTP) /.

ESPIF
European Software Process Improvement Foundation - . /ESPIF

Esprit
A funding programme to develop Informatics in the EEC. - . /RTD-help

Estelle
A formal description technique developed for OSI protocol specification.

ESUG
European Smalltalk Users' Group.

Ethernet
A 10-megabit/second local area network developed by Xerox and now widely adopted. Hosts are connected to a coaxial cable, and transmission conflicts are avoided by backing off and re-sending later. IEEE IEEE standard 802.3 defines the hardware and transport layers of the network.

Ethernet
The most popular Data Link layer standard for local area networking. Ethernet implements the carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) method of arbitrating multiple computers access to same network. This standard supports the use of Ethernet over any type of media including wireless broadcast. Standard Ethernet operates at 10 Mbps. Fast Ethernet operates at 100Mbps. See Data Link Layer.

ETLA
Extended Three Letter Acronym.

ETM
An active DBMS active-DBMSfrom the University of Karlsruhe.

ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute: The primary telecommunications standards organization.

ETSI: European Telecommunication Standards Institutes.

EUnet
The European UNIX network: an Internet Internet service provider. . /EUnet

Eureka
A European technological development programme.

EuropaNET
A combination of pan-European backbone services run by DANTE DANTE.

EUSIDIC
European Association of Information Services - . /EUSIDIC

EUUG
European UNIX UNIX User Group.

event
A condition, often the result of a user’s action, that can be detected by a script.

Event Integration Facility (EIF)
Defines and forwards management events from existing applications to the Enterprise Console, and provides facilities to process the events.

EWOS
European Workshop for Open Systems.

Excelerator
A set of CASE tools CASE-tools from Index Technology Corp.

Exception
A connectivity advertisement in a PNNI complex node representation that represents something other than the default node representation.

exception
An indication that some event of particular interest has occurred, such as an error in a procedure, an authorization failure or any other unanticipated event. Generally, an indication that a request was not performed successfully.

executable file
A file that Unix can run like a program. An executable file can contain binary machine

instructions
the computer knows how to execute, or it can contain a shell script (a list of Unix shell commands) that Unix knows how to execute.

Exit Border Node
The node that will progress a call over an outside link. This is the last node within a peer group to see this call.

eXodus
A package from White Pines allowing the Macintosh to be used as an X server X-server.

EXODUS
An extensible database project developed at the University of Wisconsin.

Expert system
An intelligent computer program that contains a knowledge base, specialized software, and a set of algorithms or rules that infer new facts from knowledge and from incoming data.

Express
A data modelling language adopted by the ISO ISO working group on STEP STEP.

expression
A combination of variables, constants, and operators that can be evaluated to a single value.

eXtended Markup Language (XML)
A superset of HyperText Markup Language (HTML) /h and another language in the Standardized General Markup Language (SGML) /s family, used for instances /i of programs (such as clients /c or servers /s) to exchange information.

Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ESMTP)
Extensions to the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol /s, defined in RFC 1869 ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1869.txt, that allow for additional features.

Extensible database
A DBMS DBMS that allows access to data from remote sources as if it were part of the database.

Exterior
Denotes that an item (e.g., link, node, or reachable address) is outside of a PNNI routing domain.

Exterior Link
A link which crosses the boundary of the PNNI routing domain. The PNNI protocol does not run over an exterior link.

Exterior Reachable Address
An address that can be reached through a PNNI routing domain, but which is not located in that PNNI routing domain.

Exterior Route
A route which traverses an exterior link.

external command
A command the shell does'nt actually know how to do. Instead, a program is stored in a file with the same name as the command. If you type the ed command (to run the dreadful ed editor), for example, Unix runs the program contained by a file named ed.

eXternal Data Representation (XDR)
A standard format (RFC 1832) ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1832.txt for the common representation of data between diverse platforms.

external firewall
A firewall between a company and the outside world (Internet). Certain data (for example, mail and news) can flow unimpeded, but interactive sessions or scripts cannot affect data in either inbound or outbound directions. See also firewall /f, internet /i, Unix to Unix Copy (UUCP) /u.

External Gateway Protocol (EGP)
A protocol, defined in RFC 904 ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc904.txt, that defines how a router should interact with external networks.

EXUG
European X User Group