H
A simple markup Markup language intended for quick conversion of existing text to hypertext hypertext - . /h

H&H
See Hoot & Holler (H&H) /.

H0 Channel
A 384 kbps channel that consists of six contiguous DS0s (64 kbps) of a T1 line.

H10 Channel
The North American 1472 kbps channel from a T1 or primary rate carrier. This is equivalent to twenty-three (23) 64 kbps channels.

H11 Channel
The North American primary rate used as a single 1536 kbps channel. This channel uses 24 contiguous DS0s or the entire T1 line except for the 8 kbps framing pattern.

H12
The European primary rate used as a single 1920 kbps channel (30 64 kbps channels or the entire E1 line except for the 64 kbps framing and maintenance channel.

hacker
One who uses a computer beyond its original design to accomplish a task. See also cracker /c.

Half-duplex
A Method of transmitting information over a communication channel, in which signals may be sent in both directions, but only one way at a time. This is sometimes referred to as local echo.

Handshaking
In network communication, a process used to verify that a connection has been established correctly. Devices send signals back and forth to establish parameters for communication.

Hardware Address
See Media Access Control (MCA) Address.

Hardware description language
A language used for the conceptual design of integrated circuits. Examples are VHDL VHDL and Verilog Verilog.

hardware
The physical components of your computer system, that is, the boxes. Your computer hardware may include the computer, terminal, keyboard, screen, modem, printer, mouse, trackball, diskdrive, and even a scanner.

Harmony
A real-time real-time operating system developed by the SEL SEL in Canada.

Harvest
An information discovery and access system for the Internet Internet from the University of Colorado

Haskell
A functional language functional-language (Hudak et al.).

HBFG
Host Behavior Functional Group: The group of functions performed by an ATM-attached host that is participating in the MPOA service.

HBOOK
A histogramming package in the CERN program library

hc
The compiler for the h hyperbook language.

H-Channel
H-Channels are ISDN bearer services that have pre-defined speeds, starting and stopping locations on a PRI and are contiguously transported from one PRI site through networks to another PRI site.

HCI
Human Computer Interface (or Interaction).

HCS
Heterogeneous Computer System: a distributed system project .

HDF
Hierarchical Data Format from NCSA NCSA- . /HDF

HDL
Hardware description language Hardware-description-language.

HDLC
High Level Data Link Control: An ITU-TSS link layer protocol standard for point-to-point and multi-point communications.

HDTV
High Definition Television.

Header
Protocol control information located at the beginning of a protocol data unit.

header
The first five bytes of an ATM /a cell /c, containing information on flow control, virtual path and channel, payload type, cell urgency, and a header-only checksum.

header
The first part of an electronic-mail message that contains the address of the sender and recipient, the subject, and lots of other stuff that is less interesting.

Hebbian
Refers to the most common way for a neural network to learn, namely supervised learning. Using a training sample which should produce known responses, the connection weights are adjusted so as to minimize the differences between the desired and actual outputs for the training sample.

HEC
Header Error Control: Using the fifth octet in the ATM cell header, ATM equipment may check for an error and corrects the contents of the header. The check character is calculated using a CRC algorithm allowing a single bit error in the header to be corrected or multiple errors to be detected.

Helix
A hardware description language from Silvar-Lisco.

Hello Packet
A type of PNNI Routing packet that is exchanged between neighboring logical nodes.

HEP
High Energy (Particle) Physics.

HEPDB
A database management system for HEP

HEPiX
A recently formed collaboration among various HEP institutes aiming at providing "compatible" versions of the UNIX UNIX operating system at their sites - . /HEPiX

HEPnet
An association concerned with networking requirements for high energy physicists - . /HEPnet

HEPVM
A collaboration among various HEP institutes to implement "compatible" versions of IBM's VM-CMS operating system at their sites.

HERA
An electron-proton collider at DESY, W. Germany.

Hermes
An experimental object-oriented object-orienteddistributed systems language from IBM Watson Research Centre.

Hesiod
The name server of the Athena Athena project.

Heuristic
A rule of thumb, simplification or educated guess that reduces or limits the search for solutions in domains that are difficult and poorly understood. Unlike algorithms, heuristics do not guarantee solutions.

Hewlett-Packard*
A manufacturer of workstations, electronic instrumentation and test equipment etc.

HFS
See Hierarchical File System (HFS) /.

hidden file
A file with a filename that begins with a period. These files do not appear on regular ls directory listings. Use ls -a to include hidden files in your home directory, or in subdirectories of your home directory.

Hierarchical File System (HFS)
(General) A structured, hierarchical file system /f, such as the fast file system (FFS) /f or the Unix File System (UFS) /u.
(Specific) The hierarchical file system used on the Macintosh system in MacOS 6 through MacOS 9. Deprecated in MacOS X.

Hierarchically Complete Source Route
A stack of DTLs representing a route across a PNNI routing domain such that a DTL is included for each hierarchical level between and including the current level and the lowest visible level in which the source and destination are reachable.

High Performance Peripheral Interface (HiPPI)
A high-speed (800Mb/sec or 1.6Gb/sec, depending on the width) network interface connection, typically to one or more mainframes or supercomputers.

High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)
A serial interface that runs on high speeds.

High voltage regulation
Ability of the high voltage to respond to changes in beam current. Good high voltage regulation means a stable display even when changing between different intensity levels.

HIGZ
High Level Interface to Graphics and Zebra Zebra. Part of the PAW PAWsystem

HINFO record
See DNS record types, HINFO record /d.

HiPAC
An active DBMS active-DBMS from Xerox Advanced Information Technology.

HIPPI
HIgh Performance Parallel Interface: a 100 Mbyte/sec data transfer system with associated interfaces and switches, developed at Los Alamos National Lab and now ANSI ANSI standard X3T9/88-127.

HiPPI
See High Performance Peripheral Interface (HiPPI) /.

HISTORIAN
A source code management code-managementsystem sold by OPCODE, Inc..

History
For on the history of computing, see the The Virtual Museum of Computing

HOL
An interactive theorem proving system based on Higher Order Logic

home directory
The directory you start in when you log in, usually a subdirectory of /usr. You should keep your files in your home directory, or in subdirectories of your home directory.

Home Page
The starting point for a WWW session. Many system adminstrators set up "home pages" which are the default page shown when a user begins a session. These pages usually have a lot of options and menu items that apply to that particular institution and then have links to other places. Here is the CERN home page .

HOOD
Hierarchical Object Oriented Design: a method for Architectural Design primarily for software to be developed in Ada, leading to automated checking, documentation and source code generation.

Hoot & Holler (H&H)
A dedicated point-to-point voice facility between international offices of a trading facility.

hop
A direct path from one node to another, with a hop count of 1. See hop count /.

hop count
A measure of distance between two nodes in an internet. A hop count of n means there are n-1 gateways between the source and the destination nodes.

Hop-by-Hop Route
A route that is created by having each switch along the path use its own routing knowledge to determine the next hop of the route, with the expectation that all switches will choose consistent hops such that the call will reach the desired destination. PNNI does not use hop-by-hop routing.

Hope
A functional language functional-language (Burstall et al. 1980).

Hopfield
John Hopfield in the early 1980's investigated a particular kind of neural network which is now commonly referred to as the Hopfield network or Hopfield model. In the Hopfield network, there are no special input or output neurons (see McCulloch-Pitts McCulloch-Pitts), but all are both input and output, and all are connected to all others in both directions (with equal weights in the two directions). Input is applied simultaneously to all neurons which then output to each other and the process continues until a stable state is reached, which represents the network output.

Horizontal Frequency
This indicates how long it takes to scan each of the Horizontal fines that make up the display. The unit of measurement is kilohertz (kHz). It is directly related to the number of lines and the Vertical Refresh (Frequency) so that the higher the Vertical Refresh or the number of lines, the higher the Horizontal frequency required.

Horizontal Link
A link between two logical nodes that belong to the same peer group.

HITS -
A term used by people with web pages. Used to describe the volume of traffic a particular web site may be receiving.

HOP
In routing, a server or router that is counted in a hop count.

Hop Count
The number of routers a message must pass through to reach its destination. A hop count is used to determine the most efficient network route.

Host
An addressable computer system on a TCP/IP network. Examples would include

endpoint systems such as workstations, servers, minicomputers, mainframes, and immediate systems such as routers. A host is typically a system that offers resources to

network nodes.

Host Name
A TCP/IP command that returns the local workstation’s host name used for authentication by TCP/IP utilities. This value is the workstation’s computer name by default, but it can be changed by using the Network icon in Control Panel.

Host Table
The HOSTS or LMHOSTS file that contains lists of known IP addresses.

Host-to-Host Layer
The DoD model layer that references to the Transport layer of the OSI model.

host
A computer, router, or workstation which may or may not be on a network.

HOST
In IPX Network this term is usually reserved for a server or a machine offering services to the LAN or WAN. An IPX based work station is not normally considered a host, IPX workstation, generally, doesn't make services available to the rest of the network.On TCP/IP networks, a host is either a workstation or a server. On IP network, both workstations and servers can offer services to the network. A workstation, for example, can commonly respond to PING requests. PING is the IP utility that briefly communicates with a remote host to determine the host status.

HOST NAMES
Each host on IP Network is assigned a unique software address called an Internet or IP address. This address uniquely identifies each host within your internet work. By convention, this address is usually represented in dotted decimal notation such as the address 217.17.20.19.Each segment or network on your internet work is also assigned a network address that represents a portion of the IP address of each host on the network. From a user point of view, it is convenient to associate a name to each hosts or network.

HOST TABLES
Host Tables is an ASCII file containing the names and address of systems that you commonly access. For example, if you are trying to establish a telnet session with the host Pugmarks.com, the file is examined to find internet address. The file generally look like this 202.19.162.27 Pugmarks.com.

host alias
A nickname for a host, such as "chimailhost" for the machine in Chicago that handles mail.

Host Apparent Address
A set of internetwork layer addresses which a host will directly resolve to

host part
The host-specific portion of a CIDR /c address. The host part identifies the specific interface on a host.

HotJava
A WWW WWW browser from Sun based on the Java Java language - . /Java

hot spare
A disk partition reserved for use in a stripe or mirror metadevice; in case an existing partition fails use a hot spare to recover data in place with no downtime and no data loss. See also Disk Suite /d.

HP
Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard.

HPLOT
A graphical output facility for HBOOK HBOOK -

HPPI
An earlier name for HIPPI.

HP-UX
The version of UNIX running on Hewlett-Packard workstations.

HP
VEE Visual Engineering Environment from Hewlett-Packard: a package similar in intention to LabVIEW LabVIEW running on UNIX UNIX workstations with OSF OSF/Motif Motif.

HSCSD:
High Speed Circuit Switched Data is a circuit switched (as opposed to packet switched) protocol that extends the capabilities of GSM to increase its transmission speeds by up to 4 times its GSM equivalent (57.6 Kb per second). It achieves this by using 4 GSM time slots rather than one.

HSSI
See High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) /.

HTF
Hyper-G Text Format. The markup language for Hyper-G Hyper-G.

HTML
HyperText Markup Language. An SGML SGML document type used to mark up hypertext hypertext in the WWW WWW project - . /HTML

HTTP
HyperText Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The protocol used between client and server in the WWW WWW project.

HTML -
Hyper Text Markup Language, this is the computer layout script used to design the look of each Web page.

HTML
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. HTML is a collection of platform-independent styles (indicated by markup tags) that define the various components of a World Wide Web document. HTML was invented by Tim Berners-Lee while at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva. Confusing? OK: Basically HTML is the language used to make web pages.

HTML
Acronym for HyperText Markup Language. This is the format most commonly used by the documents that are on the Web.

HTML
See Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) /.

HTML
This too is an acronymn for the language that is used to write Web documents. It stands for HyperText Markup Language. Writing your own HTML files requires an understanding of the HTML syntax.

HTML:
Hyper Text Markup language is a text-based way of describing data for transmission over the Internet.

HTML-NG:
HTML Next Generation.

HTTP:
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is a protocol that defines the way in which a web server and a web client contact (handshake) each other.

HTTP -
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. This is the protocal used by most browsers when reading a web page.

HTTP
Acronym for HyperText Transfer Protocol. This is the means by which documents are transferred from Server to Browser on the Web.

HTTP
See HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) /.

hub
Network hardware than centralizes a number of network terminal or workstation connections in a single area.

Hub
An Ethernet Data Link layer device that connects point-to-point Physical layer links, such as twisted pair or fiber -opt cables, into a single shared media network. See Data Link Layer, Ethernet.

Huffman coding
A terribly clever method of compressing information (like the stuff in your files) so that it takes up less space.

human engineering
See ergonomics /e.

Hyperlink or Link
When you are browsing pages on the Web, you will find that some of the text you see may be underlined or highlighted. This is telling you that there is about this underlined or highlighted word or phrase. If you are using a computer equipped with a mouse, then all you need to do is point the mouse to the underlined or highlighted word and click. You will be taken to the place which has this additional information. This could be at the same location or anywhere in the world.

hypertext
A method of presenting information where selected words in online text can be "expanded" into .

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
A subset of the US government's Standardized General Markup Language (SGML) /s, HTML is the underlying base of the World Wide Web (WWW) /w. Even though SGML has a static definition, HTML is expandable because SGML defines a process for extending its subsets of tags. Defined in RFC 1866 ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1866.txt.

HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP)
The protocol in the Internet Protocol (IP) /i family used to transport hypertext documents across an internet. Defined in RFC 1945 (v1.0) ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1945.txt and RFC 2616 (v1.1) ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2616.txt

lower layer addresses.

Hyper-G
A hypertext hypertext system from TU Graz - .

Hyper-Man
A browser browser available with Epoch Epoch giving hypertext hypertext capability for the UNIX UNIX manual.

HyperBase
An experimental active multiuser database for hypertext hypertext systems from the University of Aalborg, written in C++ C++.It is built on the client-server model enabling distributed, concurrent, and shared access from workstations in a local area network. See EHTS EHTS.

Hyperbole
An information management and hypertext system - . /Hyperbole.txt

Hypercard
A software package for the Macintosh for storage and retrieval of information. It can handle images, and is designed for browsing. The powerful customisable interactive user interface allows new applications to be easily constructed by manipulating objects on the screen, often without conventional programming.

Hypermedia
Hypertext Hypertext systems where the nodes can contain text, graphics, audio, video, as well as source code or other forms of data - . /Hypermedia

HyperNeWS
A Hypertext Hypertext system from the Turing Institute Glasgow, based on NeWS NeWS.

HyperODA
ODA ODA extensions for hypermedia hypermedia.

Hypertalk
The language for writing procedures associated with objects in Hypercard Hypercard.

Hypertext
An approach to information management in which text is stored in a network of nodes connected by links. The nodes are meant to be viewed through an interactive browser. A link is something which connects a piece of text to a destination piece of text; the source and destination areas are usually marked on a display by highlighting or special graphics. You are reading hypertext now by courtesy of WWW - .

HyTime
Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language: an ANSI ANSI/ISO ISO Standard (ISO/IEC 10744) from the SGML SGML Users' Group's Special Interest Group on Hypertext Hypertext and Multimedia Multimedia (SIGhyper SIGhyper) - . /HyTime

HYPERTEXT LINKS
A Hypertext Link is a method of embedding a URL into an object, such as a segment of text, or an image. When this object is clicked on the browser then addresses the embedded URL to retrieve its WWW document. Hypertext Links are responsible for the "world wide" aspect of the web, as they make any Web server a simple click away from any other Web server. As a general rule of thumb, any colored words and graphics are normally linked and can be clicked on.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
The language used in Web documents. Javascript statements are not HTML, but can included within an HTML document.

H.323:
Handheld Device Markup Language is a subset of HTML and is a text bade way of defining data, sent for display on handheld devices through the use of a microbrowser. HDML’s use is likely to disappear in favor of WWML or Web Clipping.