T1E1
An ANSI standards sub-committee dealing with Network Interfaces.

T1M1
An ANSI standards sub-committee dealing with Inter-Network Operations, Administration and Maintenance.

T1Q1
An ANSI standards sub-committee dealing with performance.

T1S1
An ANSI standards sub-committee dealing with services, architecture and signaling.

T1X1
An ANSI standards sub-committee dealing with digital hierarchy and synchronization.

T-3
It is a leased-line connection capable of carrying data at 44,736,000 bits-per-second. This is more than enough for a full-screen, full-motion video.

TAE
Plus A GUI GUI builder from Century Computing - . /TAE-plus

TAFIM
Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management: a DoD DoD standard

Taligent
A software company set up by Apple, IBM and Hewlett-Packard

Taos
An operating system kernel for parallel systems from Tao Systems

Tape
A computer tape stores vast amounts of information but is not convenient to use. Tapes are used primarily for making backup copies of information, for which they are terrific. With luck, your system administrator backs up your files to tape regularly.

TAPI
Telephony Application Programming Interface. A CTI CTI standard from Microsoft and Intel.

TAS
See Tivoli Application Services (TAS) /.

Task
An executable item (a TME / resource) that can be run on any managed node transparently; this can be a shell script, a Perl /p script, a compiled program or any other kind of valid executable.

Task library
A library or repository for one or more tasks. See task /.

TB Transparent Bridging
An IETF bridging standard where bridge behavior is transparent to the data traffic. To avoid ambiguous routes or loops, a Spanning Tree algorithm is utilized.

TBE Transient Buffer Exposure:
This is a negotiated number of cells that the network would like to limit the source to sending during startup periods, before the first RM-cell returns.

TBK Tool Builder Kit:
a product from IPSYS which allows users to develop CASE tools CASE-tools appropriate to any software engineering methodology - . /PTTOOL/ToolBuilder/Tool

TC Transaction Capabilities:
TCAP (see below) plus supporting Presentation, Session and Transport protocol layers.

TC Transmission Convergence:
The TC sublayer transforms the flow of cells into a steady flow of bits and bytes for transmission over the physical medium. On transmit, the TC sublayer maps the cells to the frame format, generates the Header Error Check (HEC), sends idle cells when the ATM layer has none to send. On reception, the TC sublayer delineates individual cells in the received bit stream, and uses the HEC to detect and correct received errors.

TC/IX
The LynxOS LynxOS kernel ported to the MIPS R3000 RISC processor by CDC.

TCA
Trigger, Condition, Action model.

TCAP Transaction Capabilities Applications Part:
A connectionless SS7 protocol for the exchange of information outside the context of a call or connection. It typically runs over SCCP and MTP 3.

Tcl Tool command language.
A command language and associated library package running on a number of platforms - . /Tcl

Tcl/Tk
See Tk Tk.

TCP (Transport Layer Protocol)
Implements guaranteed packet delivery using the Internet Protocol (IP).

TCP
See Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) /.

TCP Test Coordination Procedure:
A set of rules to coordinate the test process between the lower tester and the upper tester. The purpose is to enable the lower tester to control the operation of the upper tester. These procedures may, or may not, be specified in an abstract test suite.

TCP Transmission Control Protocol:
Originally developed by the Department of Defense to support interworking of dissimilar computers across a network. A protocol which provides end-to-end, connection-oriented, reliable transport layer (layer 4) functions over IP controlled networks. TCP performs the following functions: flow control between two systems, acknowledgements of packets received and end-to-end sequencing of packets.

TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
This term actually describes two software mechanisms used to allow multiple computers to talk to each other in an error free fashion.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Generally used as shorthand for the phase “TCP/IP protocol suite”.

TCP/IP
A reliable connection-oriented protocol originated by DARPA DARPA for internetworking, encompassing both network and transport level protocols. While the terms TCP and IP specify two protocols, TCP/IP is often used to refer to the entire DoD DoD protocol suite based upon these, including Telnet Telnet, FTP FTP, UDP UDP, and RDP RDP.

TCP:
Transport Control Protocol, defined by the IETF. This is a protocol used for communication across the Internet.

TCR Tagged Cell Rate:
An ABR service parameter, TCR limits the rate at which a source may send out-of-rate forward RM-cells. TCR is a constant fixed at 10 cells/second.

TCS BIN or TCS Binary:
Telephony Control Specification Binary is a bit oriented protocol that defines call control signaling for the establishment of speech and data calls between Bluetooth devices.

TCS Transmission Convergence Sublayer:
This is part of the ATM physical layer that defines how cells will be transmitted by the actual physical layer.

TDF
An ABR service parameter, TDF controls the decrease in ACR associated with TOF. TDF is signaled as TDFF, where TDF = TDFF/RDF times the smallest power of 2 greater or equal to PCR. TDF is in units of 1/seconds.

TDFF
Refer to TDF. TDFF is either zero or a power of two in the range 1/64 to 1 in units of 1/cells.

TDM Time Division Multiplexing:
A method in which a transmission facility is multiplexed among a number of channels by allocating the facility to the channels on the basis of time slots.

TDMA:
Time Division Multiple Access is a wireless standard based on the allocation of unique time slots over a single radio frequency to access a network, thus limiting the possibility of interference. In use in particular in United States, TDMA technology is considered as a 2nd generation wireless system.

TDS See Tivoli Desktop Services (TDS) /.

TE Terminal Equipment:
Terminal equipment represents the endpoint of ATM connection(s) and termination of the various protocols within the connection(s).

Teamwork
A SASD SASD tool from CADRE Technologies.

Tecate
A software system for exploratory visualization of data from networked sources including WWW

TEI Text Encoding Initiative.
Defines a common interchange format for literary and linguistic data - . /TEI

TEIDL
See Tivoli Extended Interface Definition Language (TEIDL) /.

TELEPAC
The Swiss PTT X.25 X.25 Network.

TeleScript
An object-oriented object-oriented remote programming language from General Magic, for the creation of active, distributed network applications

TeleUSE
An interface builder for Motif Motif .

Telnet
A program that enables you to log in to another computer from your computer.

Telnet
A TCP/IP terminal emulation protocol that permits a node, called the Telnet client, to log in to a remote node, called the Telnet server. The client simply acts as a dumb terminal, displaying output from the server. The processing is done at the server.

Telnet
The Internet Internet standard protocol for remote terminal connection service, running over TCP/IP TCP/IP. Telnet allows a user to log onto a remote host computer.

TELOS
The object system of LeLisp Version 16 and EULISP.

Template
code Pseudocode Pseudocode generated by an automated CASE CASE system and requiring further hand-coding before compilation.

Terminal
A screen and keyboard connected to a computer somewhere else. The terminal doesn't run Unix and all those neat programs itself, it just lets you use the computer that does.

Terminal Emulation
The process of emulating a terminal, or allowing a PC to act as a terminal for a mainframe or UNIX system.

Terminal emulator
A program that enables a big, powerful computer to act like a dumb, cheap terminal. Commanly, a PC can run a terminal emulator so that you can use another computer running Unix. Unix includes a simple terminal emulator called cu.

Terminal
output stop mode A terminal setting in which a background job stops if it tries to send anything to your screen.

TestCenter
A testing environment for C and C++ C++ programs from CenterLine Software - . /PTTOOL/TestCenter/Tool

Testing
The process of exercising a product to identify differences between expected and actual results and performance. Typically testing is bottom-up: unit test, integrate test and finally system test - . /Testing

TET
Test Environment Toolkit project coordinated by X/Open X/Open

TeX
A computer typesetting program by D.E.Knuth popular for document preparation in the HEP community. It provides specific markup specific-markup for text processing - . /TeX.

Texel
An object-oriented object-oriented methodology (see "Object Oriented Methods" by Ian Graham).

Text Editor
A program that lets you create files of text and edit (or change) them. The most common Unix text editors are ed, vi, and emacs.
Characters-no bizarre control codes, data, programs, or the like. You can use the cat command to look at a text file on-screen. If a file looks like it was written by Martians when you use the cat command to view it, it's not a text file.

Text Formatter
A program that reads text files and creates nice-looking formatted output. The most common Unix text formatters are troff, nroff, and Tex.

TFTP
See Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) /.

Think C
An extension of ANSIC for the Macintosh by Symantec Corporation, similar to C++ C++, to support object-oriented object-orientedprogramming techniques.

Threshold
A item that places limits or acceptable ranges of values on monitored conditions.

TickIT
A software industry quality assessment scheme - . /TickIT.txt

TIFF
Tag Image File Format from Aldus - . /Graphics

Time to Live (TTL)
The field used in a protocol (such as DNS /d or ICMP /i) to indicate how many more network hops /h are allowed before the packet is dropped (discarded) (and, in terms of a TCP /t protocol as opposed to a UDP /u protocol) an error returned to the sender.

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
An old and inefficient technology that allocates rigid time slices to each network client (voice, video, or data).

TIPHON:
Telecomunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks is an Etst’s project that will define a protocol for communication between packet switched network.

TIS
See Trusted Information Systems (TIS) /.

Tivoli Application Services (TAS) A component of the TMP /.

Tivoli Desktop Services (TDS) A library providing runtime convenience functions that manipulate or generate desktop commands.

Tivoli Extended Interface Definition Language (TEIDL)
A superset of IDL /i supporting the definition of security, installation, initialization and other implementation details.

Tivoli Management Environment (TME)
A set of management applications that provide direct control over specific resources in the distributed computing environment, and provides a simple, consistent interface to diverse operating systems, applications, and distributed services.

Tivoli Management Framework (TMF)
Provides basic system administration capabilities, as well as a set of foundation services for management applications, including a Tivoli administrator facility, an administrative privilege facility, a system policy facility, and a notification facility.

Tivoli Management Platform (TMP)
The software infrastructure upon which the management applications are based. It has two main components, TMF / and TAS /.

Tivoli Management Region (TMR) TMRs are a series of loosely connected regions, each with its own server for managing local clients.

Tivoli Name Registry (TNR) A service responsible for registering object names and looking up the associated object reference upon request.

Tivoli Professional Services (TPS) Consulting services offered to user installations by Tivoli Systems, Inc.

Tivoli/Admin A Tivoli application for the administration of user and group information, system configuration and network services.

Tivoli/Courier A Tivoli application for the distribution and installation of applications and system software.

Tivoli/Enterprise Console A Tivoli application for centralizing automated operations and event processing.

Tivoli/EpochBackup A Tivoli application for backup and recovery functions.

Tivoli/Print A Tivoli application for managing a distributed print system.

Tivoli/Sentry A Tivoli application for monitoring the availability of system resources and services.

Tivoli/Workload A Tivoli application for scheduling and managing complex, interdependent jobs distributed over multiple systems.

Tk An extension to Tcl Tclproviding an interface to the X windows X-windows.

TLA Three Letter Acronym.

TLD See top-level domains (TLD) /.

TLI See Transport Layer Interface (TLI) /.

TLV Type / Length / Value:
A coding methodology which provides a flexible and extensible means of coding parameters within a frame. Type indicates parameter type. Length indicates parameter's value length. Value indicates the actual parameter value.

TM Traffic Management:
Traffic Management is the aspect of the traffic control and congestion control procedures for ATM. ATM layer traffic control refers to the set of actions taken by the network to avoid congestion conditions. ATM layer congestion control refers to the set of actions taken by the network to minimize the intensity, spread and duration of congestion. The following functions form a framework for managing and controlling traffic and congestion in ATM networks and may be used in appropriate combinations.

· Connection Admission Control
· Feedback Control
· Usage Parameter Control
· Priority Control
· Traffic Shaping
· Network Resource Management
· Frame Discard
· ABR Flow Control

TME See Tivoli Management Environment (TME) /.

TMF See Tivoli Management Framework (TMF) /.

TMP See Tivoli Management Platform (TMP) /.

TMP Test Management Protocol: A protocol which is used in the test coordination procedures for a particular test suite.

TMR See Tivoli Management Region (TMR) /.

TNR See Tivoli Name Registry (TNR) /.

TNS Transit Network Selection: A signaling element that identifies a public carrier to which a connection setup should be routed.

TOA:
Time of Arrival is another mobile location technology.

TOF Time Out Factor:
An ABR service parameter, TOF controls the maximum time permitted between sending forward RM-cells before a rate decrease is required. It is signaled as TOFF where TOF=TOFF+1. TOFF is a power of 2 in the range: 1/8 to 4,096.

TOFF
Time Out Factor: Refer to TOF.

Token
A basic, grammatically indivisible unit of a language.

Token ring
A computer network arbitration scheme in which conflicts in the transmission of messages are avoided by the granting of "tokens" which give permission to send. A station keeps the token while transmitting a message, if it has a message to transmit, and then passes it on to the next station.

Token Ring
The second most popular Data Link layer standard for local area networking. Token Ring implements the token passing method of arbitrating multiple computer access to the same network. Token Ring operates at either 4 or 16Mbps. FDDI is similar to Token Ring and operates at 100 Mbps. See Data Link Layer.

Token-Passing See Token Ring.

Toolbuilder see TBK TBK

TOP Technical/Office Protocol:
a protocol stack for office automation developed by Boeing following the OSI OSI model. This protocol is very similar to MAP MAP except at the lowest levels, where it uses Ethernet Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) rather than Token Bus (IEEE 802.4).

Top-level domains (TLD)
The original seven possible rightmost component of a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) /f: com, edu, gov, int, mil, net, and org. All except int are administered by the InterNIC /i.

Topology
Aggregation The process of summarizing and compressing topology information at a hierarchical level to be advertised at the level above.

Topology Attribute
A generic term that refers to either a link attribute or a nodal attribute.

Topology Constraint
A topology constraint is a generic term that refers to either a link constraint or a nodal constraint.

Topology Database
The database that describes the topology of the entire PNNI routing domain as seen by a node.

Topology Metric
A generic term that refers to either a link metric or a nodal metric.

Topology State Parameter
A generic term that refers to either a link parameter or a nodal parameter.

TPCC Third Party Call Control:
A connection setup and management function that is executed from a third party that is not involved in the data flow.

TP-MIC Twisted-Pair Media Interface Connector:
This refers to the connector jack at the end user or network equipment that receives the twisted pair plug.

TPS See Tivoli Professional Services (TPS) /.

Track
A ring of adjacent sectors /s on a disk. The concentric circles of a disk platter /p.

Trackball
A pointing device, equivalent to a mouse lying on its back, that lets you move the cursor on the screen.

Trail
An entity that transfers information provided by a client layer network between access points in a server layer network. The transported information is monitored at the termination points.

Trailer Protocol
control information located at the end of a PDU.

Transaction
A unit of interaction with a DBMS or similar system. It must be treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions .

Transit Delay
The time difference between the instant at which the first bit of a PDU crosses one designated boundary and the instant at which the last bit of the same PDU crosses a second designated boundary.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A connection-oriented protocol (RFC 793) ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc793.txt; data is guaranteed to arrive reliably and in sequence. See also IP family /i.

Transport Layer Interface (TLI)
An SVR4 (AT&T System V, Release 4 Unix) communications layer that sits at the same level as BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) Unix sockets.

Transport Layer
The OSI model layer responsible for the guaranteed serial delivery of packets between two computers over an internetwork. TCP is the Transport Layer Protocol for the TCP/IP transport protocol.

Transport Protocol
A service that delivers discrete packets of information between any two computers in a network. Higher level connection-oriented services are built upon transport protocols.

Transputer
A family of microprocessors from Inmos with interprocessor links, programmable in Occam Occam.

Trellis
An object-oriented object-oriented application development system from DEC, based on the Trellis language.

Tri-Band:
Characterizes a handset that is able to operate on three different frequencies.

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
A protocol, defined in RFC 1350 ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1350.txt, which is a subset of the File Transfer Protocol /f (RFC 959 ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc959.txt), which allows files to be transferred between hosts with limited authentication and only minimal error checking. See also Boot Protocol (BOOTP) /b.

Trm
An ABR service parameter that provides an upper bound on the time between forward RM-cells for an active source. It is 100 times a power of two with a range of 100*2-7 to 100*20

Trojan Horse
A program designed to emulate another program (such as /bin/login) with the express intent of using the data it receives in a way that negatively impacts your productivity.

TRUSIX TRUSted unIX operating system.

Trusted Information Systems (TIS) The vendor of a major firewall product.

TS Time Stamp:
Time Stamping is used on OAM cells to compare time of entry of cell to time of exit of cell to be used to determine the cell transfer delay of the connection.

TS Traffic Shaping: Traffic Shaping is a mechanism that alters the traffic characteristics of a stream of cells on a connection to achieve better network efficiency, while meeting the QoS objectives, or to ensure conformance at a subsequent interface. Traffic shaping must maintain cell sequence integrity on a connection. Shaping modifies traffic characteristics of a cell flow with the consequence of increasing the mean Cell Transfer Delay.

TS Transport Stream:
One of two types of streams produced by the MPEG-2 Systems layer. The Transport Stream consists of 188 byte packets and can contain multiple programs.

TSAPI Telephony Services Application Programming Interface. A CTI CTI standard from Novell and AT&T.

TSEE Technical and Engineering Environment: part of the RTEE RTEE toolset.

TTCN Tree and Tabular Combined Notation: The internationally standardized test script notation for specifying abstract test suites. TTCN provides a notation which is independent of test methods, layers and protocol.

TTL See time to live (TTL) /.

TULIP
The University Licensing Program. A cooperative research project for networked delivery and use of journals, by Elsevier Science and nine US Universities.

Tunes
A project to design a new computing environment at all levels of software

Two-phase
commit The protocol that transaction monitors use in guaranteeing that a set of operations are completed as a unit.

TXL A hybrid functional Functional-programmingand rule-based Rule-basedlanguage for source transformation applications from Queen's Univ. Canada.

TXT record See DNS record types, TXT record /d.

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